• There are a number of reasons that foundation cracks occur. In order to repair cracks and address the reason why they are happening, you need to investigate your home’s foundation. Over time, soil around the foundation settles. Water can begin to infiltrate the foundation walls and the concrete expands and contracts due to changes in temperature. The stress of these factors weakens the foundation’s concrete and once cracks begin, they often can continue to grow, potentially into a major problem if not taken care of.

  In most cases, you can determine what is causing foundation cracks by the cracks themselves. Settling soil usually causes horizontal cracks and can be thin or wide, depending on the extent of the soil movement. This is usually the most common reason for foundation cracking.

  The second most common cause is excessive moisture around the foundation. Too much moisture can lead to water infiltrating the concrete and seeping through to the other side inside your basement, which can spell problems as well. As the water works its way into the concrete, the pressure inside the foundation wall can lead to cracking. In addition, soil swells when it is wet, which creates excess pressure and stress on concrete. Cracks from water usually are vertical or diagonal.

  Cracks from expansion and contraction of the foundation’s concrete are usually hairline thin and are vertical or diagonal. These are less of a worry than cracks caused by settling or moisture infiltration, as long as they’re taken care of immediately and not allowed to grow or expand.

  Safety Alert!

  If it looks like the crack has caused part of the wall to move away from the rest of the wall, or if the crack is excessively large, call in a professional for an evaluation, as there could be a major structural problem that won’t be cured by a patch.

• For cracks wider than a hairline, clear out any loose material, such as broken or cracked bits of concrete, dust and debris, using an old flat head screwdriver and a stiff wire brush. To facilitate patch adhesion, use a hammer and chisel to slightly widen the crack and undercut the crack edges. This will give the patch more area to adhere to and keep it from slipping out of the crack. Simply hold the chisel at an angle and chip away. Clear out bits of debris and dust with the wire brush and then rinse the crack with water from a garden hose. Pat the area dry with an old towel.

  Safety Alert!

  Wear safety glasses and gloves when using the hammer and chisel and use a dust mask when you’re brushing out dust from the crack. Concrete and cement can chip and potentially project small particles into your eyes or skin.

  Helpful Tips

  You can also use an air compressor or a can of compressed air to blow out particles and dust from the cracks.

  If the crack goes through both sides of the foundation wall, repair the exterior before repairing the interior.

• Thin hairline cracks can usually be repaired with a vinyl concrete patching compound. If recommended by the manufacturer, apply a concrete bonding adhesive or primer/additive to create the best bond possible between the old surface and the patching material. Use an old or inexpensive paintbrush to work the liquid into the crack and around the crack edges. Wash the brush immediately after use with soap and water or discard it.

  Use a putty knife or trowel to apply a vinyl patching compound in multiple layers as directed by the manufacturer. Mix only the amount of patching you'll need for each layer. Press it firmly to force the initial layer into the crack and allow drying time between layers.

  You can also patch thin cracks with a cement mixture if they are wide enough to accept sand. In a small bucket, mix one part cement and three parts sand with enough water to make a stiff paste. In a separate container, mix a small amount of cement with more water — enough to make a cement paint.

  If you can, paint the inside of the crack with the thinner cement mixture. This will act like a primer. Then pack the paste mixture firmly into the crack with a putty knife or trowel. Level the mixture with a straight-edged concrete-finishing trowel. Let the patch sit undisturbed for about an hour, then go over the entire surface with a float or trowel in a circular motion, blending it well with the surrounding surface.

• Cracks wider than a hairline can be filled with Polyurethane, silicone, or latex concrete caulk. Use a caulking gun to force the caulk into the crack along its entire length. This type of caulk is effective because it fills the entire crack space and allows for the expansion and contraction of the foundation during extreme changes in weather. After application, let it dry. Apply again if it contracts inside the crack and doesn’t fill the entire depth of the crack.

  If cracks are wider than 1/2' and as deep, you may need to use foam backer rods in addition to concrete caulk. Sold in a variety of lengths and diameters, foam backer rods are great for supporting a patch and preventing the patch from sinking into any cracks as it dries and ages. Use a putty knife to force the flexible rod into the crack, placing it about 1/4' below the surface. Once the foam backer rods are in place, you can fill the crack with caulk or use vinyl patching compound the way you would in Step 3.

  You can also use hydraulic cement to fill in cracks, using a putty knife. Following package instructions, mix hydraulic cement with water in a bucket. Use a trowel to mix it and combine the two until the mix is homogenous. Dampen the crack by misting it with water from a spray bottle then push the hydraulic cement mixture into the crack with a putty knife. Let this dry for an hour or two then add another layer of cement mixture over the crack. Use a trowel to make the cement patch level and smooth with the wall surface.

  Ask for advice from an expert at your local True Value hardware store to see which of these methods might work best for your particular needs.

• Now that the crack has been filled and the patch has set or dried, you're ready to apply waterproof masonry sealer to the foundation walls. This will protect the concrete from any water infiltration. Existing paint and coatings must be removed from the surface and the concrete must be able to absorb water. For the best results, apply the sealer with a brush directly to the patch. The second coat can be applied with a large brush or masonry roller. Work sealant thoroughly onto the patch and around it by a few inches to 1' to ensure a proper seal.

  Helpful Tips

  It wouldn’t hurt to go ahead and apply sealant to the entire foundation surface. Apply the sealant with a large brush or masonry roller. Work sealant thoroughly into the pores of the masonry surface. After using the first gallon, measure the area covered. It should be about 75 to 100 square feet. If the area is more than this, you're spreading the sealant too thin.

  Sealant won't adhere to a wall with a temperature less than 50ºF. Also, most wall sealants aren't made to withstand foot traffic, so don't use them to waterproof your basement floors.

• Besides sealing your foundation walls, the most important thing you can do to preserve the integrity of your foundation is to keep water away from it as much as you can.

  Make sure your gutters and downspouts are properly functioning. Inspect them for damage and ensure that they are clean, clog-free and running smoothly. Gutters are designed to collect rainwater and flow through downspouts directed away from the house foundation. When water pours over gutter sides, it soaks into the ground near your home’s foundation. Excess water can cause the soil to expand, applying stress to your foundation, or can infiltrate the foundation walls. A good rule of thumb is for downspouts to divert water away from your foundation by at least 5’.

  Avoid having shrubs or small trees close to your foundation. Watering them may allow too much water to collect in that area and undo the work done by gutters. Also, make sure that driveways and walkways slope away from your foundation to prevent water from collecting in the soil there.

  Great job! You’ve patched and repaired your foundation so that it’s sturdy and secure and taken steps to help prevent further problems.

Here’s what you’ll need to complete this project successfully.

Before you begin, use the shopping list below to uncheck the tools you already have to complete this project.

Green Crack is said to be a cross between a 1989 Super Sativa Seed Club, a Skunk #1, and an Afghani landrace. The strain was reportedly named Cush by its original breeder, Cecil C., then renamed Green Crack by Snoop Dogg to refer to what the rapper and cannabis activist perceived as potent, sativa-like effects. The loop iterates while the condition is true. When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop. In Python, all the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a programming construct are considered to be part of a single block of code. Green Crack is said to be a cross between a 1989 Super Sativa Seed Club, a Skunk #1, and an Afghani landrace. The strain was reportedly named Cush by its original breeder, Cecil C., then renamed Green Crack by Snoop Dogg to refer to what the rapper and cannabis activist.

Then, print or save your updated list and bring it to your local True Value hardware store, where an expert Hardwarian will give you the remaining tools and expert advice you need to complete this project.

You can also shop online for these project items at TrueValue.com and receive FREE shipping to a participating store.

• Python Basic Tutorial

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• Selected Reading

A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a given condition is true.

Syntax

The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is −

Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is true.

When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop.

In Python, all the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a programming construct are considered to be part of a single block of code. Python uses indentation as its method of grouping statements.

Flow Diagram

Here, key point of the while loop is that the loop might not ever run. When the condition is tested and the result is false, the loop body will be skipped and the first statement after the while loop will be executed.

Example

Live Demo

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

The block here, consisting of the print and increment statements, is executed repeatedly until count is no longer less than 9. With each iteration, the current value of the index count is displayed and then increased by 1.

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The Infinite Loop

A loop becomes infinite loop if a condition never becomes FALSE. You must use caution when using while loops because of the possibility that this condition never resolves to a FALSE value. This results in a loop that never ends. Such a loop is called an infinite loop.

An infinite loop might be useful in client/server programming where the server needs to run continuously so that client programs can communicate with it as and when required.

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Above example goes in an infinite loop and you need to use CTRL+C to exit the program.

Using else Statement with While Loop

While True Learn Wiki

Python supports to have an else statement associated with a loop statement.

• If the else statement is used with a while loop, the else statement is executed when the condition becomes false.

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The following example illustrates the combination of an else statement with a while statement that prints a number as long as it is less than 5, otherwise else statement gets executed.

Live Demo

When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −

Single Statement Suites

Similar to the if statement syntax, if your while clause consists only of a single statement, it may be placed on the same line as the while header.

Here is the syntax and example of a one-line while clause −

While True Learn Guide

It is better not try above example because it goes into infinite loop and you need to press CTRL+C keys to exit.